In a Cyber-Physical System (CPS), multiple embedded subsystems interact with the external environment while operating semi-independently, creating complex contextual relationships, exposure to adversarial conditions, and inherent uncertainty. Ensuring secure communication across CPS infrastructure requires the application of fundamental security principles, supported by a combination of approaches such as social engineering awareness, implementation of security standards, vendor-specific controls, and effective network management. Trust emerges as a critical factor in maintaining the security and reliability of CPS communications. This paper reviews key usability challenges and associated risks in CPS environments, analyzes potential attack vectors across different system layers, and discusses strategies for effective trust management to enhance overall system resilience.
Keywords
Cyber Physical System (CPS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), STP Management.
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Takeru Kobayashi, “Critical Usability Challenges and Risk Analysis in CPS: A Focus on STP Management”, Journal of Machine and Computing, vol.6, no.2, pp. 398-407, 2026, doi: 10.53759/7669/jmc202606029.
