Journal of Enterprise and Business Intelligence


Sustainability Reporting and Accounting in Measuring the Costs of Flared Dry Gas Industry



Journal of Enterprise and Business Intelligence

Received On : 22 September 2020

Revised On : 15 October 2020

Accepted On : 25 December 2020

Published On : 05 April 2021

Volume 01, Issue 02

Pages : 062-070


Abstract


The sector oil and gas are very importance in the Iraqi economy, and natural gas cause less pollution to the environment. Due to the conditions that the country went through, the existing infrastructure is unable to process the quantities of natural gas associated with the extraction of crude oil, therefore it is treated by burning. This has harmful effects on the environment and society. In addition, the expenditure on treating is very large and the country suffer a large loss of revenue in the atmosphere. Therefore, the responsible authorities should decide to limit these burning processes through the information on economy, environment and society that sustainability accounting provides. Also, the company being studied shows that there are a lot of costs incurred by burning dry gas for two reasons: compressors stop working and network pressure. This is a waste of the natural resource and of large sums that could have been revenues for the country. Although there are also disadvantages on the environment and society, the company’s expenditure on the environment and society is small compared to the costs spent on producing dry gas. This does not support sustainable development, and the study concludes with some conclusions and recommendations.


Keywords


Sustainability Accounting; Sustainable Development; Dry Gas.


  1. H. Zhu, J. Gao, D. Li and D. Tang, "A Web-based product service system for aerospace maintenance repair and overhaul services", Comput. Ind., vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 338-348, May 2012.
  2. W. Wang, F. Zhou, W. Li and J. Budd, "Designing the product-service system for autonomous vehicles", IT Prof., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 62-69, Nov./Dec. 2018.
  3. K. Hobson, N. Lynch, D. Lilley and G. Smalley, "Systems of practice and the circular economy: Transforming mobile phone product service systems", Environ. Innov. Societal Transitions, vol. 26, pp. 147-157, Mar. 2018.
  4. W. Cao and P. Jiang, "Modelling on service capability maturity and resource configuration for public warehouse product service systems", Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1898-1921, Mar. 2013.
  5. Zhang, P. Jiang, J. Li, J. Hui and B. Zhu, "A distributed configuration scheme for warehouse product service system", Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 9, no. 5, May 2017.
  6. O. K. Mont, "Clarifying the concept of product–service system", J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 237-245, Jun. 2002.
  7. R. J. Hernandez-Pardo, T. Bhamra and R. Bhamra, "Exploring SME perceptions of sustainable product service systems", IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 483-495, Aug. 2013.
  8. E. Maleki, F. Belkadi, N. Boli, B. J. van der Zwaag, K. Alexopoulos, S. Koukas, et al., "Ontology-based framework enabling smart product-service systems: Application of sensing systems for machine health monitoring", IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 4496-4505, Dec. 2018.
  9. Li, Y. Ji, L. Chen and R. J. Jiao, "Bi-level coordinated configuration optimization for product-service system modular design", IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 537-554, Mar. 2017.
  10. T. I. Katsaounis and A. M. Dean, "A survey and evaluation of methods for determination of combinatorial equivalence of factorial designs", J. Stat. Planning Inference, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 245-258, Jan. 2008.
  11. Wang, C. Zong, X. Guan, R. Xing and R. Xing, "Method of determining weights of subjective evaluation indexes for car handling and stability based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process", J. Mech. Eng., vol. 47, no. 24, pp. 83-90, Dec. 2011.
  12. K. Dmowski, "Side data analysis of deep level transient spectroscopy spectra for a multipoint correlation method with binomial weighting coefficients", Solid-State Electron., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 1051-1057, May 1995.
  13. Y. Ju and A. Wang, "Emergency alternative evaluation under group decision makers: A method of incorporating DS/AHP with extended TOPSIS", Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1315-1323, Jan. 2012.
  14. Y. F. Yam and T. W. S. Chow, "Determining initial weights of feedforward neural networks based on least squares method", Neural Process. Lett., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 13-17, Mar. 1995.
  15. J. Chen and J. F. Bai, "Weight determination method based on principal component analysis coking", Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 712, pp. 2469-2473, Jun. 2013.
  16. G. Huang and M. Wang, "Weight assignment research of improved entropy method in effectiveness evaluation", Comput. Eng. Appl., vol. 48, no. 28, pp. 245-248, 2012.

Acknowledgements


Author(s) thanks to Dr.Ed. Thompson for this research completion and support.


Funding


No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.


Ethics declarations


Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.


Availability of data and materials


No data available for above study.


Author information


Contributions

All authors have equal contribution in the paper and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.


Corresponding author


Rights and permissions


Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs is a more restrictive license. It allows you to redistribute the material commercially or non-commercially but the user cannot make any changes whatsoever to the original, i.e. no derivatives of the original work. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/


Cite this article


Sandoval Ross and Ed. Thompson, “Sustainability Reporting and Accounting in Measuring the Costs of Flared Dry Gas Industry”, Journal of Enterprise and Business Intelligence, vol.1, no.2, pp. 062-070, April 2021. doi: 10.53759/5181/JEBI202101008.


Copyright


© Sandoval Ross and Ed. Thompson. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.