Smart structural materials are a fundamental aspect that requires critical analysis in in structural engineering. This research
contribution considers two vital crystal structures: Martensite and Austenite with their characteristic variations under different
temperatures. From this research, it is seen the smart materials presents two vital features, which are distinguished from typical steels.
The first one is the memory shape and the second one is super-elasticity. All of these properties can suit various applications in
structural engineering e.g. dual actuators, self-rehabilitation and pre-stress bars. This research is purposed at analyzing the applications
of smart materials in the field of structural engineering through the focus of relevant literature reviews, typical collection of data and
major mechanic elements of smart materials. In axial tension evaluation, the curve for force and extension and the strain and stress
curves of super-elasticity and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) materials have been considered. The beam experiment with the superelasticity materials considered as the bars for reinforcement has been considered as well. This contribution provides the initial step of
evaluation of the wide-range application of smart materials in the field of structural engineering.
D. Farhey, "Structural Performances of Bridge Materials in the U.S. National Bridge Inventory 2013", Structural Engineering International, vol.
27, no. 1, pp. 101-113, 2017. Available: 10.2749/101686617x14676303589039.
X. Feng, L. Zhao and X. Mi, "Characristics of Shape Memory Composites Combined with Shape Memory Alloy and Shape Memory
Polymer", Advanced Materials Research, vol. 705, pp. 169-172, 2013. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.169.
A. Volkov, M. Evard, A. Vikulenkov and E. Uspenskiy, "Simulation of Vibration Isolation by Shape Memory Alloy Springs Using a
Microstructural Model of Shape Memory Alloy", Materials Science Forum, vol. 738-739, pp. 150-154, 2013. Available:
10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.150.
G. LIU, H. PENG, Y. WEN, K. YANG and N. LI, "A TRAINING--FREE CAST Fe--Mn--Si--Cr--Ni SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BASED ON
FORMATION OF MARTENSITE IN A DOMAIN MANNER II. Influence of annealing on shape memory effect", ACTA METALLURGICA
SINICA, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 288-293, 2010. Available: 10.3724/sp.j.1037.2010.00288.
O. Ostertag and E. Ostertagová, "Shape Memory Alloy Actuator (SMA)", Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 816, pp. 9-15, 2015. Available:
10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.9.
H. Wang, J. Sui, C. Liu and W. Cai, "Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in Ni54.75Mn13.25Fe7Ga25 ferromagnetic shape
memory alloy", Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 480, no. 1-2, pp. 472-476, 2008. Available: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.053.
M. Akita, "Photochromic Organometallics, A Stimuli-Responsive System: An Approach to Smart Chemical Systems†", Organometallics, vol.
30, no. 1, pp. 43-51, 2011. Available: 10.1021/om100959h.
J. Clark, "Designing the Smart City: A Programmatic Approach to Inclusive Innovation in Atlanta", Atlanta Studies, 2017. Available:
10.18737/atls20170919.
S. Kim and H. Sohn, "Instantaneous reference-free crack detection based on polarization characteristics of piezoelectric materials", Smart
Materials and Structures, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 2375-2387, 2007. Available: 10.1088/0964-1726/16/6/042.
W. Choi, "Special Issue: Smart Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation", Materials, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 143, 2020. Available:
10.3390/ma14010143.
J. Zhang and C. McInnes, "Reconfiguring smart structures using approximate heteroclinic connections", Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 24,
no. 10, p. 105034, 2015. Available: 10.1088/0964-1726/24/10/105034.
S. Klinkel, D. Legner and W. Wagner, "Advanced finite element formulations for modeling thin piezoelectric structures", PAMM, vol. 11, no. 1,
pp. 31-34, 2011. Available: 10.1002/pamm.201110009.
T. Breczko, V. Barkaline and Y. Douhaya, "Modeling of Smart Material Properties of Heusler Alloys", Materials Science Forum, vol. 738-739,
pp. 426-430, 2013. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.426.
D. Vojtěch and A. Michalcová, "Influence of Heat-Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Transformation Temperatures of Nitinol", Key
Engineering Materials, vol. 465, pp. 471-474, 2011. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.471.
S. Dokhov, "Measurement of the temperatures in the thermostats of laboratory chromatographs", Measurement Techniques, vol. 24, no. 12, pp.
1107-1107, 1981. Available: 10.1007/bf00828732.
B. Zhou and S. Yoon, "A new phase transformation constitutive model of shape memory alloys", Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 15, no. 6,
pp. 1967-1973, 2006. Available: 10.1088/0964-1726/15/6/053.
H. Wang and Z. Zhu, "Energy-efficient and reference-free monotonic capacitor switching scheme with fewest switches for SAR ADC", IEICE
Electronics Express, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 20141202-20141202, 2015. Available: 10.1587/elex.12.20141202.
M. Shahmardani, N. Vajragupta and A. Hartmaier, "Robust Optimization Scheme for Inverse Method for Crystal Plasticity Model
Parametrization", Materials, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 735, 2020. Available: 10.3390/ma13030735.
Acknowledgements
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Availability of data and materials
No data available for above study.
Author information
Contributions
All authors have equal contribution in the paper and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Udula Mangalika
Udula Mangalika
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs is a more restrictive license. It allows you to redistribute the material commercially or non-commercially but the user cannot make any changes whatsoever to the original, i.e. no derivatives of the original work. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Cite this article
Udula Mangalika, “An Detailed review on Applications of Smart Materials in Structural Engineering”, Journal of Machine and Computing, vol.1, no.2, pp. 057-067, April 2021. doi: 10.53759/7669/jmc202101007.
