Long-lasting connectivity and energy-efficient systems are needed for wireless body area networks (WBANs). In addition to the growing commercialization of WBANs, health monitoring applications demand improved quality of service (QoS). For WBAN performance characteristics to improve, it is essential to develop a dependable and energy-efficient link. We provide a cross-layer routing strategy for improving WBAN quality of service in this study. This method employs a cost function that linearly combines the individual absorption rate functions, node energy ratio, and link dependability. This research investigates how the performance of the network varies depending on the parameter combinations used and the size of the contention window, and we use parametric modelling of the cost function. While the development of the QoS focuses on enhancing the packet delivery success rate and network throughput for applications of WBANs, the suggested algorithm primarily increases network lifetime durability by decreasing the node energy consumption with acceptable throughput. WBAN performance optimization criteria using advanced particle swarm optimization (APSO) are proposed in this research to emphasize increasing energy economy, decreasing end-to-end delay and increasing network throughput in various existing methods. The number of live nodes for the proposed method is higher than those of the PSO-LSMR, M-ATTEMPT and EERP. The value of First Node Died is 6301. The value of residual energy, 34.7 J, is also higher for the proposed method than for the compared state-of-the-art algorithms.
Keywords
Wireless Body Area Networks , Quality of Service, Advanced Particle Swarm Optimization, Optimization.
C. S. Kruse, M. Mileski, and J. Moreno, “Mobile health solutions for the aging population: A systematic narrative analysis,” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 439–451, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1177/1357633x16649790.
Ł. Januszkiewicz, P. Di Barba, and S. Hausman, “Multi-Objective Optimization of a Wireless Body Area Network for Varying Body Positions,” Sensors, vol. 18, no. 10, p. 3406, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.3390/s18103406.
H. He, T. Li, L. Feng, and J. Ye, “Frame Transmission Efficiency-Based Cross-Layer Congestion Notification Scheme in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 7, p. 1637, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.3390/s17071637.
H. Chang, V. Misra, and D. Rubenstein, “A General Model and Analysis of Physical Layer Capture in 802.11 Networks,” Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 2006, doi: 10.1109/infocom.2006.218.
R. Liu, Y. Wang, M. Shu, and S. Wu, “Throughput assurance of wireless body area networks coexistence based on stochastic geometry,” PLOS ONE, vol. 12, no. 1, p. e0171123, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171123.
J. C. Correa-Chica, J. F. Botero-Vega, and N. Gaviria-Gómez, “Energy consumption and quality of service in WBAN: A performance evaluation between cross-layer and IEEE802.15.4,” DYNA, vol. 84, no. 202, pp. 120–128, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.15446/dyna.v84n202.61895.
S. Movassaghi, M. Abolhasan, J. Lipman, D. Smith, and A. Jamalipour, “Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1658–1686, 2014, doi: 10.1109/surv.2013.121313.00064.
L. Issaoui, A. Horrich, and K. Sethom, “Improved MAC access under IEEE 802.15.6 WBAN standard,” 2017 Ninth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1109/icufn.2017.7993819.
S. Pathak, M. Kumar, A. Mohan, and B. Kumar, “Energy Optimization of ZigBee Based WBAN for Patient Monitoring,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 70, pp. 414–420, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.10.055.
J. Anand and D. Sethi, “Comparative analysis of energy efficient routing in WBAN,” 2017 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology (CICT), Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1109/ciact.2017.7977373.
M. Shu, D. Yuan, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, and C. Chen, “A MAC Protocol for Medical Monitoring Applications of Wireless Body Area Networks,” Sensors, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 12906–12931, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.3390/s150612906.
H. Mora, D. Gil, R. M. Terol, J. Azorín, and J. Szymanski, “An IoT-Based Computational Framework for Healthcare Monitoring in Mobile Environments,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 2302, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.3390/s17102302.
R. Hussein, A. Mohamed, and M. Alghoniemy, “Scalable real-time energy-efficient EEG compression scheme for wireless body area sensor network,” Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, vol. 19, pp. 122–129, May 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2015.03.005.
M. Ghamari, B. Janko, R. Sherratt, W. Harwin, R. Piechockic, and C. Soltanpur, “A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks for eHealthcare Systems in Residential Environments,” Sensors, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 831, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.3390/s16060831.
V. Bhanumathi and C. P. Sangeetha, “A guide for the selection of routing protocols in WBAN for healthcare applications,” Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1186/s13673-017-0105-6.
Y. Zhang, B. Zhang, and S. Zhang, “A Lifetime Maximization Relay Selection Scheme in Wireless Body Area Networks,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 1267, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.3390/s17061267.
X. Chen, Y. Xu, and A. Liu, “Cross Layer Design for Optimizing Transmission Reliability, Energy Efficiency, and Lifetime in Body Sensor Networks,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 900, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.3390/s17040900.
N. Yessad, M. Omar, A. Tari, and A. Bouabdallah, “QoS-based routing in Wireless Body Area Networks: a survey and taxonomy,” Computing, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 245–275, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00607-017-0575-4.
H. Al-Mishmish, A. Alkhayyat, H. A. Rahim, D. A. Hammood, R. B. Ahmad, and Q. H. Abbasi, “Critical Data-Based Incremental Cooperative Communication for Wireless Body Area Network,” Sensors, vol. 18, no. 11, p. 3661, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.3390/s18113661.
I. Gil and R. Fernández-García, “Wearable PIFA antenna implemented on jean substrate for wireless body area network,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 31, no. 11–12, pp. 1194–1204, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1080/09205071.2017.1341854.
J. Bangash, A. Abdullah, M. Anisi, and A. Khan, “A Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Sensor Networks,” Sensors, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1322–1357, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.3390/s140101322.
T. Le and S. Moh, “Interference Mitigation Schemes for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks: A Comparative Survey,” Sensors, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 13805–13838, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.3390/s150613805.
E. Sarra and T. Ezzedine, “Performance improvement of the wireless body area network (WBAN) under interferences,” 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1109/healthcom.2016.7749507.
J. Dong and D. Smith, “Cooperative body-area-communications: Enhancing coexistence without coordination between networks,” 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362733.
T. M. Hwang, S. Y. Jeong, and S. J. Kang, “Wireless TDMA‐Based Body Area Network Platform Gathering Multibiosignals Synchronized with Patient’s Heartbeat,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2018, no. 1, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/2394384.
B.-H. Kim, A. Haldorai, and S. S, “A Battery Lifetime Monitoring and Estimation using Split Learning Algorithm in Smart Mobile Consumer Electronics,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, pp. 1–1, 2024, doi: 10.1109/tce.2024.3397714.
H. Khodabandeh, V. Ayatollahitafti, and M. S. Taghizadeh, “Link aware and Energy efficient Routing Algorithm in Wireless Body Area Networks,” Network Protocols and Algorithms, vol. 9, no. 1–2, p. 126, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.5296/npa.v9i1-2.11547.
A. Kurian and R. Divya, “A survey on energy efficient routing protocols in wireless body area networks (WBAN),” 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1109/iciiecs.2017.8276162.
Haldorai, R. Babitha Lincy, M. Suriya, and M. Balakrishnan, “Enhancing Military Capability Through Artificial Intelligence: Trends, Opportunities, and Applications,” EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, pp. 359–370, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-53972-5_18.
Y. Yin, F. Hu, L. Cen, Y. Du, and L. Wang, “Balancing Long Lifetime and Satisfying Fairness in WBAN Using a Constrained Markov Decision Process,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2015, pp. 1–10, 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/657854.
F. Wang, F. Hu, L. Wang, Y. Du, X. Liu, and G. Guo, “Energy-efficient medium access approach for wireless body area network based on body posture,” China Communications, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 122–132, Dec. 2015, doi: 10.1109/cc.2015.7385520.
N. Boujnah and F. Mars, “Energy saving in WBAN networks under rate constraints,” 2016 4th International Conference on Control Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT), Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1109/ceit.2016.7929076.
Y. Qu, G. Zheng, H. Ma, X. Wang, B. Ji, and H. Wu, “A Survey of Routing Protocols in WBAN for Healthcare Applications,” Sensors, vol. 19, no. 7, p. 1638, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.3390/s19071638.
K. S. Deepak and A. V. Babu, “Improving Reliability of Emergency Data Frame Transmission in IEEE 802.15.6 Wireless Body Area Networks,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 2082–2093, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1109/jsyst.2017.2717189.
K. Senthil Kumar et al., “Receive diversity based transmission data rate optimization for improved network lifetime and delay efficiency of Wireless Body Area Networks,” PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 10, p. e0206027, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206027.
M. A. Gawas, L. J. Gudino, and K. R. Anupama, “Congestion-Adaptive and Delay-Sensitive Multirate Routing Protocol in MANETs: A Cross-Layer Approach,” Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, vol. 2019, pp. 1–13, May 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/6826984.
K. G. Mkongwa, Q. Liu, and C. Zhang, “Link Reliability and Performance Optimization in Wireless Body Area Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 155392–155404, 2019, doi: 10.1109/access.2019.2944573.
V. Ayatollahitafti, M. A. Ngadi, J. bin Mohamad Sharif, and M. Abdullahi, “An Efficient Next Hop Selection Algorithm for Multi-Hop Body Area Networks,” PLOS ONE, vol. 11, no. 1, p. e0146464, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146464.
Z. A. Khan, S. Sivakumar, W. Phillips, and B. Robertson, “ZEQoS: A New Energy and QoS-Aware Routing Protocol for Communication of Sensor Devices in Healthcare System,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 627689, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/627689.
S. Ahmed et al., “Co-LAEEBA: Cooperative link aware and energy efficient protocol for wireless body area networks,” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 51, pp. 1205–1215, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.051.
D. Djenouri and I. Balasingham, “New QoS and Geographical Routing in Wireless Biomedical Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks, and Systems, 2009, doi: 10.4108/icst.broadnets2009.7188.
Acknowledgements
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or
publication of this article.
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the
content of
this article.
Availability of data and materials
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or
analysed in
this study.
Author information
Contributions
All authors have equal contribution in the paper and all authors have read and
agreed to
the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ganesh Gopal Devarajan
Ganesh Gopal Devarajan
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution
NoDerivs is a more restrictive license. It allows you to redistribute the material commercially
or
non-commercially but the user cannot make any changes whatsoever to the original, i.e. no
derivatives of the
original work. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Cite this article
Mohd Kaleem and Ganesh Gopal Devarajan, “Performance Optimization and Link
Reliability in Wireless Body Area Networksh”,
Journal of Machine and Computing, pp. 895-907, October 2024. doi:10.53759/7669/jmc202404083.