A trusted mechanism for detecting malware in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) using blockchain technology is proposed. The proposed mechanism leverages the immutability and decentralization features of blockchain to ensure the integrity of the malware detection process, while minimizing the overhead associated with data integrity. The mechanism involves the use of a consensus algorithm, Proof of Authority (PoA) to validate malware detection results and a smart contract to enforce the consensus rules. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can efficiently detect malware in IIoT environments with minimal impact on system performance. The proposed architecture is thoroughly validated using MATLAB and a variety of security criteria, including attack strength, message alteration, and false validation probability. Based on the obtained results, the suggested method is effective in improving the security of IIoT networks by detecting malware attacks within the network. The proposed mechanism provides a promising solution for enhancing the security of IIoT systems, which are becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks.
Keywords
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Data Integrity, Malware Detection, Minimal Overhead, Security.
J. Sengupta, S. Ruj, and S. Das Bit, “A Comprehensive Survey on Attacks, Security Issues and Blockchain Solutions for IoT and IIoT,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 149, p. 102481, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102481.
E. K. Wang, Z. Liang, C.-M. Chen, S. Kumari, and M. K. Khan, “PoRX: A reputation incentive scheme for blockchain consensus of IIoT,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 102, pp. 140–151, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.future.2019.08.005.
K. Yu, L. Tan, M. Aloqaily, H. Yang, and Y. Jararweh, “Blockchain-Enhanced Data Sharing With Traceable and Direct Revocation in IIoT,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 7669–7678, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1109/tii.2021.3049141.
H. Moosavi and F. M. Bui, “Delay-Aware Optimization of Physical Layer Security in Multi-Hop Wireless Body Area Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1928–1939, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1109/tifs.2016.2566446.
J. A. Shamsi and M. A. Khojaye, “Understanding Privacy Violations in Big Data Systems,” IT Professional, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 73–81, May 2018, doi: 10.1109/mitp.2018.032501750.
B. Chen, L. Wu, H. Wang, L. Zhou, and D. He, “A Blockchain-Based Searchable Public-Key Encryption With Forward and Backward Privacy for Cloud-Assisted Vehicular Social Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 5813–5825, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1109/tvt.2019.2959383.
M. Liu, F. R. Yu, Y. Teng, V. C. M. Leung, and M. Song, “Performance Optimization for Blockchain-Enabled Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Systems: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 3559–3570, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1109/tii.2019.2897805.
P. J. Zelbst, K. W. Green, V. E. Sower, and P. L. Bond, “The impact of RFID, IIoT, and Blockchain technologies on supply chain transparency,” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 441–457, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1108/jmtm-03-2019-0118.
S. Zhao, S. Li, and Y. Yao, “Blockchain Enabled Industrial Internet of Things Technology,” IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1442–1453, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1109/tcss.2019.2924054.
Q. Wen, Y. Gao, Z. Chen, and D. Wu, “A Blockchain-based Data Sharing Scheme in The Supply Chain by IIoT,” 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS), May 2019, doi: 10.1109/icphys.2019.8780161.
J. Wang, J. Chen, Y. Ren, P. K. Sharma, O. Alfarraj, and A. Tolba, “Data security storage mechanism based on blockchain industrial Internet of Things,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 164, p. 107903, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2021.107903.
Q. Wang, X. Zhu, Y. Ni, L. Gu, and H. Zhu, “Blockchain for the IoT and industrial IoT: A review,” Internet of Things, vol. 10, p. 100081, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2019.100081.
B. Seok, J. Park, and J. H. Park, “A Lightweight Hash-Based Blockchain Architecture for Industrial IoT,” Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 18, p. 3740, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.3390/app9183740.
B. Cao, X. Wang, W. Zhang, H. Song, and Z. Lv, “A Many-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Internet of Things Based on Private Blockchain,” IEEE Network, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 78–83, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1109/mnet.011.1900536.
G. Rathee, F. Ahmad, N. Jaglan, and C. Konstantinou, “A Secure and Trusted Mechanism for Industrial IoT Network Using Blockchain,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1894–1902, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1109/tii.2022.3182121.
S. Suhail, R. Hussain, R. Jurdak, and C. S. Hong, “Trustworthy Digital Twins in the Industrial Internet of Things With Blockchain,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 58–67, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/mic.2021.3059320.
S. Iqbal, R. M. Noor, A. W. Malik, and A. U. Rahman, “Blockchain-Enabled Adaptive-Learning-Based Resource-Sharing Framework for IIoT Environment,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 19, pp. 14746–14755, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1109/jiot.2021.3071562.
H. Yao, T. Mai, J. Wang, Z. Ji, C. Jiang, and Y. Qian, “Resource Trading in Blockchain-Based Industrial Internet of Things,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 3602–3609, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1109/tii.2019.2902563.
H. F. Atlam and G. B. Wills, “Technical aspects of blockchain and IoT,” Role of Blockchain Technology in IoT Applications, pp. 1–39, 2019, doi: 10.1016/bs.adcom.2018.10.006.
D. Pennino, M. Pizzonia, A. Vitaletti, and M. Zecchini, “Blockchain as IoT Economy Enabler: A Review of Architectural Aspects,” Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 20, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.3390/jsan11020020.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Reviewers for taking the time and effort necessary to review the manuscript. We sincerely appreciate all valuable comments and suggestions, which helped us to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Availability of data and materials
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.
Author information
Contributions
All authors have equal contribution in the paper and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Swathiramya R
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, SNS college of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs is a more restrictive license. It allows you to redistribute the material commercially or non-commercially but the user cannot make any changes whatsoever to the original, i.e. no derivatives of the original work. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Cite this article
Swathiramya R, Padmashri N, Sathish Kumar Ravichandran and Lekhaa T R, “Trusted Mechanism for Malware Detection Using Blockchain with Minimal Overhead of Data Integrity for IIoT”, Journal of Machine and Computing. doi: 10.53759/7669/jmc202505030.