Journal of Machine and Computing


Deep Learning with Crested Porcupine Optimizer for Detection and Classification of Paddy Leaf Diseases for Sustainable Agriculture



Journal of Machine and Computing

Received On : 30 March 2024

Revised On : 25 May 2024

Accepted On : 29 July 2024

Published On : 05 October 2024

Volume 04, Issue 04

Pages : 1018-1031


Abstract


India has a vast number of inhabitants and the main food source distribution is from agriculture. Agricultural lands are being demolished generally owing to plant and crop illnesses. The detection of plant diseases by using image processing models can aid agriculturalists in defending the farming area from damaging or affecting it. Paddy is the main harvest worldwide. Early recognition of the paddy diseases at dissimilar phases of development is very vital in paddy production. However, the present manual technique in identifying and classifying paddy diseases needs a very educated farmer and is time-consuming. Deep learning (DL) is an effectual research area in the classification of agriculture patterns where it can efficiently solve the problems of diseases identification. Therefore, the articles focus on the design and expansion of Deep Learning based Crested Porcupine Optimizer for the Detection and Classification of Paddy Leaf Diseases (DLCPO-DCPLD) method for Sustainable Agriculture. The main aim of the DLCPO-DCPLD method use DL method for the recognition and identification of rice plant leaf diseases. To accomplish this, the DLCPO-DCPLD technique performs the image pre-processing using Median Filtering (MF) to recover the excellence of the input frames. Next, the ConvNeXt-L method is applied for extraction of feature vectors from the pre-processed images. Also, the Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) model is utilized for the automated classification of Paddy Leaf diseases. Eventually, the hyperparameter tuning of the CVAE technique is accomplished by implementing the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO) technique. To safeguard the enhanced predictive results of the DLCPO-DCPLD method, a sequence of experimentations is implemented on the benchmark dataset. The experimental validation of the DLCPO-DCPLD method portrayed a superior accuracy value of 99.12% over existing approaches.


Keywords


Image Preprocessing, Crested Porcupine Optimizer, Feature Extraction, Paddy Leaf Disease, Deep Learning.


  1. L. Y. Win Lwin and A. N. Htwe, “Image Classification for Rice Leaf Disease Using AlexNet Model,” 2023 IEEE Conference on Computer Applications (ICCA), vol. 3, pp. 124–129, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1109/icca51723.2023.10181847.
  2. B. S. Bari et al., “A real-time approach of diagnosing rice leaf disease using deep learning-based faster R-CNN framework,” PeerJ Computer Science, vol. 7, p. e432, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.432.
  3. C. Zhou, Y. Zhong, S. Zhou, J. Song, and W. Xiang, “Rice leaf disease identification by residual-distilled transformer,” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 121, p. 106020, May 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106020.
  4. C. H. Bock, K.-S. Chiang, and E. M. Del Ponte, “Plant disease severity estimated visually: a century of research, best practices, and opportunities for improving methods and practices to maximize accuracy,” Tropical Plant Pathology, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 25–42, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40858-021-00439-z.
  5. R. Deng et al., “Automatic Diagnosis of Rice Diseases Using Deep Learning,” Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 12, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701038.
  6. S. C. Gopi and H. Kishan Kondaveeti, “Transfer Learning for Rice Leaf Disease Detection,” 2023 Third International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS), vol. 7, pp. 509–515, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1109/icais56108.2023.10073711.
  7. P. Kaur et al., “Recognition of Leaf Disease Using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network by Applying Feature Reduction,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 575, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/s22020575.
  8. V. S. Kumar, M. Jaganathan, A. Viswanathan, M. Umamaheswari, and J. Vignesh, “Rice leaf disease detection based on bidirectional feature attention pyramid network with YOLO v5 model,” Environmental Research Communications, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 065014, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/acdece.
  9. S. Sladojevic, M. Arsenovic, A. Anderla, D. Culibrk, and D. Stefanovic, “Deep Neural Networks Based Recognition of Plant Diseases by Leaf Image Classification,” Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2016, pp. 1–11, 2016, doi: 10.1155/2016/3289801.
  10. D. I. Patrício and R. Rieder, “Computer vision and artificial intelligence in precision agriculture for grain crops: A systematic review,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 153, pp. 69–81, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2018.08.001.
  11. P. I. Ritharson, K. Raimond, X. A. Mary, J. E. Robert, and A. J, “DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes,” Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, vol. 11, pp. 34–49, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.aiia.2023.11.001.
  12. M. Aggarwal et al., “Pre-Trained Deep Neural Network-Based Features Selection Supported Machine Learning for Rice Leaf Disease Classification,” Agriculture, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 936, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390/agriculture13050936.
  13. V. Rajpoot, A. Tiwari, and A. S. Jalal, “Automatic early detection of rice leaf diseases using hybrid deep learning and machine learning methods,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 82, no. 23, pp. 36091–36117, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11042-023-14969-y.
  14. H. Andrianto, Suhardi, A. Faizal, and F. Armandika, “Smartphone Application for Deep Learning-Based Rice Plant Disease Detection,” 2020 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI), Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1109/icitsi50517.2020.9264942.
  15. S. P. Singh, K. Pritamdas, K. J. Devi, and S. D. Devi, “Custom Convolutional Neural Network for Detection and Classification of Rice Plant Diseases,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 218, pp. 2026–2040, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.179.
  16. K. Mahadevan, A. Punitha, and J. Suresh, “Automatic recognition of Rice Plant leaf diseases detection using deep neural network with improved threshold neural network,” e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 8, p. 100534, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100534.
  17. S. Khasim, I. S. Rahat, H. Ghosh, K. Shaik, and S. K. Panda, “Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning: Real-Time Discernment and Diagnostics of Rice-Leaf Diseases in Bangladesh,” EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things, vol. 10, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.4108/eetiot.4579.
  18. B. I. Justusson, “Median Filtering: Statistical Properties,” Two-Dimensional Digital Signal Prcessing II, pp. 161–196, doi: 10.1007/bfb0057597.
  19. N. Li, X. Yu, and M. Yu, “CMPF-UNet: a ConvNeXt multi-scale pyramid fusion U-shaped network for multi-category segmentation of remote sensing images,” Geocarto International, vol. 39, no. 1, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1080/10106049.2024.2311217.
  20. S. Zhu et al., “Application and visualization study of an intelligence-assisted classification model for common eye diseases using B-mode ultrasound images,” Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 18, May 2024, doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1339075.
  21. S. Eilermann et al., “3D Multi-Criteria Design Generation and Optimization of an Engine Mount for an Unmanned Air Vehicle Using a Conditional Variational Autoencoder,” Computer Science Research Notes, 2024, doi: 10.24132/csrn.3401.22.
  22. X. Li et al., “Prediction of Geometric Characteristics of Laser Cladding Layer Based on Least Squares Support Vector Regression and Crested Porcupine Optimization,” Micromachines, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 919, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.3390/mi15070919.
  23. Prabira Kumar Sethy, “Rice Leaf Disease Image Samples,” Mendeley Data, V1, 2020, doi: 10.17632/fwcj7stb8r.1.
  24. M. Aggarwal, V. Khullar, N. Goyal, A. Alammari, M. A. Albahar, and A. Singh, “Lightweight Federated Learning for Rice Leaf Disease Classification Using Non Independent and Identically Distributed Images,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 16, p. 12149, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su151612149.
  25. S. Ramesh and D. Vydeki, “Recognition and classification of paddy leaf diseases using Optimized Deep Neural network with Jaya algorithm,” Information Processing in Agriculture, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 249–260, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.inpa.2019.09.002.

Acknowledgements


Author(s) thanks to Dr.Balaji Srikaanth P for this research completion and support.


Funding


No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.


Ethics declarations


Conflict of interest

The authors would like to thank to the reviewers for nice comments on the manuscript.


Availability of data and materials


Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.


Author information


Contributions

All authors have equal contribution in the paper and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.


Corresponding author


Rights and permissions


Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs is a more restrictive license. It allows you to redistribute the material commercially or non-commercially but the user cannot make any changes whatsoever to the original, i.e. no derivatives of the original work. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/


Cite this article


Hussain A and Balaji Srikaanth P, “Deep Learning with Crested Porcupine Optimizer for Detection and Classification of Paddy Leaf Diseases for Sustainable Agriculture”, Journal of Machine and Computing, pp. 1018-1031, October 2024. doi:10.53759/7669/jmc202404095.


Copyright


© 2024 Hussain A and Balaji Srikaanth P. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.