Supporters of the bill argue that allowing civilians to arm robots poses a significant threat to public safety and could lead to dangerous situations. They cite concerns about misuse, lack of accountability, and the potential for these machines to be used in unlawful or harmful ways.

Figure 1. New York Moves to Ban Civilian Weaponized Robots.

Critics, however, worry that the legislation may hinder innovation in robotics and drone technology. Some argue that strict regulations could discourage independent researchers and hobbyists from experimenting with new developments in the field. Figure 1 shows New York Moves to Ban Civilian Weaponized Robots.

Despite these concerns, lawmakers emphasize that the bill is intended to prevent reckless and dangerous applications of robotic technology while still allowing for responsible, non-weaponized use in civilian sectors. The proposal reflects a broader effort to address the ethical and legal challenges posed by emerging autonomous technologies before they become widespread in everyday life.

If the Responsible Robotics Act is passed, New York will set a legal precedent for other states considering similar restrictions on weaponized robots.

Exceptions for Law Enforcement and Defense Contractors

A Boston Dynamics spokesperson told Popular Science that the company supports the legislation, emphasizing that its Spot robots are best used to "keep people out of harm’s way and help resolve dangerous situations." They also stated that all customers must adhere to the company’s terms of sale, which strictly prohibit any attempts to weaponize the robots.

Fox Cahn stated, "The increasing push to bring drone weaponry from the battlefield into our neighborhoods is alarming. We must make it clear that turning these ever-present devices into deadly extensions of law enforcement is illegal."

Similar legislation progressed in Massachusetts last year, aiming to ban weaponized robots while allowing exceptions for defense contractors and law enforcement bomb squads. However, some states are pushing for stricter measures. A proposed bill in Montana would prohibit anyone—including local police—from outfitting robots with guns, swords, or other weapons. Meanwhile, a bill in Rhode Island seeks to prevent law enforcement from obtaining robot dogs and drones, regardless of whether they are armed. So far, none of these bills have been enacted.

Police Increasing Investment in Robotics

The proposed bill comes as New York law enforcement ramps up spending on robotics and surveillance technology. In 2023, the NYPD signed a $750,000 contract with Boston Dynamics to reintroduce its Spot robot dog, following an earlier $94,000 contract that was canceled due to public backlash after its reported use in a Bronx home invasion response.

Since then, the NYPD has expanded its use of small aerial drones to monitor crime scenes and large public gatherings. The department also briefly deployed a Knightscope “K5” mobile surveillance robot in the subway system, but the program was discontinued after criticism from advocates, some of whom mockingly called it a “trash can on wheels.” Additionally, the NYPD has reportedly spent $222,000 on small, two-wheeled “throw bots,” designed for reconnaissance in hazardous situations.

The Legislation at a Glance

New York lawmakers have introduced the Responsible Robotics Act, which aims to make it illegal for civilians to equip robots or drones with weapons. If passed, this would make New York the first state to implement such a ban. The law targets firearms, stun guns, chemical agents, lasers, and explosives mounted on autonomous or remotely operated machines. Violators could face fines ranging from $25,000 to $100,000.

Exceptions for Law Enforcement and Defense Contractors

While civilians would be banned from weaponizing robots, law enforcement and military contractors are exempt. The bill allows the government to use armed robots in cases of explosive disposal or imminent threats to human life. Police departments must disclose deployments and obtain warrants when legally required, but concerns remain about the potential for misuse.

Growing Concern Over Armed Robotics

Public backlash has played a major role in pushing for this legislation. Videos circulating online have shown robots and drones modified with flamethrowers and other weapons, raising ethical concerns. Critics argue that weaponized robotics could lead to increased surveillance, loss of public trust, and dangerous applications in civilian areas.

Other States and Their Approaches

Massachusetts has proposed similar legislation with exceptions for law enforcement bomb squads and defense contractors, while Montana is considering a stricter law that would ban all weaponized robots, including those used by police. Rhode Island is taking another approach, aiming to block law enforcement from acquiring robot dogs and drones, armed or not. However, none of these bills have been enacted yet.

The Rise of Police Robotics

The bill comes as the NYPD significantly increases spending on robotic technology. In 2023, the department signed a $750,000 contract with Boston Dynamics to reintroduce its Spot robot dog after backlash had previously halted its use. The NYPD has also deployed aerial drones, mobile surveillance robots, and reconnaissance "throw bots", raising concerns about expanding police surveillance and robotic law enforcement.

Source: POPULAR SCIENCE

Cite this article:

Priyadharshini S (2025),”New York Proposes Law to Prohibit Civilians from Arming Robots" , AnaTechMaz, pp.140