As people across the globe look forward to longer life expectancies, malignant cancers continue to pose threats to human health. The exploration and development of immunotherapy aims to seek new breakthroughs for the treatment of solid tumours.

The successful establishment of anti-tumour immunity requires the activation, expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. This process largely depends on specific interactions between various T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the body. However, existing tumour vaccines, such as neoantigen vaccines and various vector vaccines, all rely on random interactions with APCs in the body. Furthermore, inappropriate interactions may lead to the silencing of other immune responses. [1]

Figure 1. Nanotechnology used to destroy and prevent relapse of solid tumor cancers

Figure 1 shows this prevents the relapse of tumour growth that the patient originally presented with and provides immunity against similar tumour types. This was proven through the application of this vaccine on melanoma tumour models. [2]

The ASPIRE vaccine system can quickly elicit appropriate, antigen-specific immune responses in a way that traditional vaccine methods could not. This mode of antigen presentation greatly improves the efficiency of immune activation, which facilitates this novel vaccine's high efficacy relative to other vaccines currently available. In addition, the vaccine can also activate both previously unexposed T cells and exhausted T cells which facilitates ASPIRE's superior anti-tumor immune capabilities. [3]

Speaking independently on the study, Professor Chng Wee Joo, Senior Consultant of the Division of Haematology at the Department of Haematology-Oncology in the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore and myeloma specialist said: "The field of cancer immunotherapy is offering tremendous hope to cancer patients. However, there are some shortcomings with the current technologies. The present innovation from Prof Chen and his colleagues overcome some of these deficiencies and improved the effectiveness and sustainability of the immune response to these treatments. This will provide a significant advance that will have important impact on patients." [4]

References:

1. https://techilive.in/nanotechnology-used-to-destroy-and-prevent-relapse-of-solid-tumor-cancers/
2. https://www.biospectrumasia.com/news/98/20481/singapore-uses-nanotechnology-to-destroy-prevent-relapse-of-solid-tumour-cancers.html
3. https://phys.org/news/2022-06-nanotechnology-relapse-solid-tumor-cancers.html
4. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/06/220607121030.htm

Cite this article:

Thanusri swetha J (2022), Nanotechnology used to destroy and prevent relapse of solid tumor cancers, Anatechmaz, pp.159